Interrelaciones entre la disponibilidad de fosfato y el ambiente biótico del suelo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas

Abstract

Phosphate (Pi) is a macronutrient essential for all organisms. It is found in the soil in combination with cations such as tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite, but also as organic forms such as phytate. These chemical species are sparingly soluble and unavailable for plant acquisition. In natural ecosystems, such as prairie open areas, jungles and forests, the Pi level is low, and thus plants have to improve its nutrition through various mechanisms, including solubilization, acquisition and distribution among tissues. As the root perceives Pi deficiency in soil, growth is inhibited while branching is promoted through the formation of lateral roots, which enables a better exploration of the substrate. On the other hand, it has been observed that the symbiotic interactions with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) help to solubilize and mineralize Pi to make it free and available to the plant. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that plants have developed to adapt to Pi deficiency, as well as the effect of symbiosis between PGPRs and plants on growth and development.