Resumen
El proceso de germinación es decisivo en el ciclo de vida de las plantas, ya que permite la formación de una nueva plántula y contribuye en la propagación de los cultivos. La germinación comienza con la captura de agua a través de la capa de mucilago presente en la testa y finaliza con la emergencia de la raíz y los cotiledones. Factores externos como la estructura del suelo, la calidad de luz y la disponibilidad de nutrientes rompen la dormancia de la semilla a través de cambios en los niveles de ácido abscísico (ABA) y ácido giberélico (GA). El ABA es responsable de la dormancia de la semilla, en tanto que el GA promueve la apertura de la testa. Arabidopsis thaliana es el mejor modelo para estudiar la germinación en angiospermas. Varias cascadas de señalización y factores de transcripción están conservados en Arabidopsis y en plantas cultivadas como el maíz (Zea mays L.). En esta revisión analizaremos el conocimiento actual sobre los mecanismos moleculares que regulan la germinación.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2017 Elda María Beltrán Peña, MARINA López-García, José López-Bucio