Resumen
La biota ediacárica representa uno de los mayores hitos en la historia evolutiva del planeta, pues contiene a las primeras formas de vida pluricelulares macroscópicas bien conocidas en el registro fósil, además de poseer integrantes microscópicos de gran relevancia evolutiva como los posibles primeros animales triploblásticos y embriones. Su posición estratigráfica corresponde con el final del Neoproterozoico, tiempo de origen de los primeros organismos eucarióticos. La mayoría de los planes corporales de los organismos macroscópicos del Ediacárico no tienen equivalentes modernos e incluyen simetrías triradiales, octoradiales y fractales. La biota ediacárica vio su final al evolucionar los primeros organismos macrodepredadores que luego dominarían los ecosistemas del Fanerozoico.
Citas
Antcliffe, J.B. y M.D. Brasier. 2008. Charnia at 50: Developmental models for Ediacaran fronds. Palaeontology, 51(1): 11-26.
Bamforth, E.L., G.M. Narbonne Y M.M. Anderson. 2008. Growth and ecology of a multi-branched Ediacaran rangeomorph from the Mistaken Point assemblage, Newfoundland. Journal of Paleontology, 82(4): 763-777.
Bengtson, S., J.A. Cunningham, C. Yin y P.C. Donoghue. 2012. A merciful death for the “earliest bilaterian,†Vernanimalcula. Evolution & development, 14(5): 421-427.
Billings, E. 1872. On some fossils from the primordial rocks of Newfoundland. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, 6: 465-479.
Chen, J. D.J. Bottjer, P. Oliveri, S.Q. Dornbos, F. Gao, S. Ruffins, H. Chi, C. Li y E.H. Davidson. 2004. Small bilaterian fossils from 40 to 55 million years before the Cambrian. Science, 305(5681): 218-222.
Chen, J., P. Oliveri, C. Li, G. Zhou, F. Gao, J.W. Hagadorn, K.J. Peterson y E.H. Davidson. 2000. Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(9): 4457-4462.
Clapham, M.E. y G.M. Narbonne. 2002. Ediacaran epifaunal tiering. Geology, 30(7): 627-630.
Clapham, M.E., G.M. Narbonne y J. Gehling. 2003. Paleoecology of the oldest known animal communities: Ediacaran assemblages at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland. Paleobiology, 29(4):527-544.
Clites, E.C., M.L. Droser y J.G. Gehling. 2012. The advent of hard-part structural support among the Ediacara biota; Ediacaran harbinger of a Cambrian mode of body construction. Geology, 40(4): 307-310.
Cloud, P.E. y M.F. Glaessner. 1982. The Ediacarian Period and System: Metazoa inherit the Earth. Science, 217: 783-792.
Dzik, J. 2003. Anatomical Information Content in the Ediacaran Fossils and Their Possible Zoological Afï¬nities. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 43: 114-126.
Erwin, D.H. 1999. The origin of bodyplans. American Zoologist, 39(3): 617-629.
Fedonkin, M.A. 1982. New generic name for the Precambrian coelenterates. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2: 137.
Fedonkin, M.A. 1983. Non-skeletal fauna of Podolia, Dniester River valley. Pp. 128-139 en V.A. Velikanov, E.A. Asseeva y M.A. Fedonkin, eds. The Vendian of the Ukraine. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, Rusia.
Fedonkin, M.A. 1985. Systematic description of the Vendian metazoa. Pp. 112-117 en B.S. Sokolov y A.B. Iwanowski, eds. The Vendian System, Vol. 1.
Fedonkin, M.A., P. Vickers-Rich, B.J. Swalla, P. Trusler y M. Hall. 2012. A new metazoan from the Vendian of the White Sea, Russia, with possible affinities to the ascidians. Paleontological Journal, 46(1): 1-11.
Ford, T.D. 1958. Pre-Cambrian fossils from Charnwood forest. Proceedingsof the Yorkshire Geological Society, 31: 211-217.
Ford, T.D. 1958. Precambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest. Yorkshire Geological Society Proceedings, 31(3): 211-217.
Gehling, J.G. 1988. A cnidarian of actinian-grade from the Ediacaran Pound Subgroup, South Australia. Alcheringa, 12(4): 299-314.
Gehling, J.G. 1991. The case for Ediacaran fossil roots to the metazoan tree. Geological Society of India Memoir, 20: 181-224.
Gehling, J.G. y J.K. Rigby. 1996. Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia. Journal of Paleontology, 70(2):185-195.
Gehling, J.G., G.M. Narbonne y M.M Anderson. 2000. The first named Ediacaran body fossil, Aspidella terranovica. Palaeontology, 43(3): 427-456.
Glaessner, M. F. (1980). Parvancorina-an arthropod from the Late Precambrian (Ediacarian) of South Australia. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 83, 83-90.
Glaessner, M.F. 1959. Precambrian Coelenterata from Australia, Africa and England. Nature, 183: 1472-1473.
Glaessner, M.F. 1980. Parvancorina-an arthropod from the Late Precambrian (Ediacarian) of South Australia. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 83: 83-90.
Glaessner, M.F. 1984. The dawn of animal life. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 258.
Grabau, A.W. 1922. The Sinian System. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 1: 44-88.
Grazhdankin, D. 2001. Microbial origin of some of the Ediacaran fossils. En GSA Annual Meeting, Noviembre 5-8, 2001. Libro de resúmenes. Sesión No. 177 Paleontology III: Early life. ArtÃculo No. 177-0.
Harland, W.B., R.L. Armstrong, A.V. Cox, L.E. Craig, A.G. Smith y D.G. Smith. 1989. A Geologic Time Scale. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, 263 pp.
Ivantsov, Ð.Y. y D.V. Grazhdankin. 1977. Ð New Representative of the Petalonamae from the Upper Vendian of the Arkhangelsk Region. Paleontological Journal, 31(1): 1-16.
Jenkins, R.J.F. 1981. The concept of an ‘Ediacaran Period’ and its stratigraphic signiï¬cance in Australia. Transactions of Royal Society of South Australia, 105: 179-194.
Jenkins, R.J.F. y C. Nedin. 2007. The provenance and palaeobiology of a new multi-vaned, chambered frondose organism from the Ediacaran (later Neoproterozoic) of South Australia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 286(1): 195-222.
Jiang, G., X. Shi, S. Zhang, Y. Wang y S. Xiao. 2011. Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (ca. 635–551Ma) in South China. Gondwana Research, 19(4): 831-849.
Joel, L.V., M.L. Droser y J.G. Gehling. 2014. A New Enigmatic, Tubular Organism from the Ediacara Member, Rawnsley Quartzite, South Australia. Journal of Paleontology, 88(22):253-262.
Knoll, A.H., M.R. Walter, G.M. Narbonne y N. Christie-Blick. 2006. The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale. Lethaia, 39: 13-30.
McMenamin, M.A.S. 1996. Ediacaran biota from Sonora, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(10): 4990-4993.
McMenamin, M.A.S. 1998. The Garden of Ediacara: Discovering the First Complex Life. Columbia University Press, New York, 295 pp.
Misra, S.B. 1969. Late Precambrian (?) fossils from southeastern Newfoundland. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80: 2133-2140.
Narbonne, G.M. 1998. The Ediacara Biota: A Terminal Neoproterozoic Experiment in the Evolution of Life. GSA Today, 8(2):1-6.
Narbonne, G.M. 2004. Modular Construction of Early Ediacaran Complex Life Forms. Science, 305: 1141-1144.
Narbonne, G.M. 2005. The Ediacara biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 33: 421-442.
Paleobiology Database. 2014. Paleobiology Database Navigator. Consultado el 21 de abril de 2014, usando el parámetro: Ediacaran. Disponible en lÃnea en: http://paleobiodb.org/navigator/
Peterson, J.K., B. Waggoner y J.W. Hagadorn. 2003. A Fungal Analog for Newfoundland Ediacaran Fossils? Integrative and Comparative Biology, 43: 127-136.
Pflug, H.D. 1972. Systematik der jung-präkambrischen Petalonamae Pflug 1970. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 46(1-2): 56-67.
Raff, E.C., J.T. Villinski, F.R. Turner, P.C. Donoghue y R.A. Raff. 2006. Experimental taphonomy shows the feasibility of fossil embryos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(15): 5846-5851.
Retallack, G.J. 2007. Growth, decay and burial compaction of Dickinsonia, an iconic Ediacaran fossil. Alcheringa, 31(3): 215-240.
Retallack, G.J. 2013. Ediacaran life on land. Nature, 493(7430): 89-92.
Runnegar, B. 1982. The Cambrian explosion: animals or fossils?. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 29(3-4): 395-411.
Runnegar, B.N. y M.A. Fedonkin. 1992. Proterozoic metazoan body fossils. Pp. 999-1007 en J.W. Schopf y C. Klein, eds. The Proterozoic biosphere: a multidisciplinary study. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
Seilacher, A. 1989. Vendozoa: organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere. Lethaia, 22: 229-239.
Seilacher, A. 1992. Vendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution. J. Geol. Soc. London, 149: 607-613.
Seilacher, A., D. Grazhdankin, y A. Legouta. 2003. Ediacaran biota: The dawn of animal life in the shadow of giant protists. Paleontological Research, 7(1): 43-54.
Serezhnikova, E.A. y A.Y. Ivantsov. 2007. Fedomia mikhaili—A new spicule-bearing organism of sponge grade from the Vendian (Ediacaran) of the White Sea, Russia. Palaeoworld, 16(4): 319-324.
Shen, Y., T. Zhang y P.F. Hoffman. 2008. On the coevolution of Ediacaran oceans and animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(21): 7376-7381.
Shu, D.G., S.C. Morris, J. Han, Y. Li, X.L. Zhang, H. Hua, Z.F. Zhang, J.N. Liu, J.F. Guo, Y. Yao y K. Yasui. 2006. Lower Cambrian Vendobionts from China and Early Diploblast Evolution. Science, 312: 731-734.
Sokolov, B.S. 1952. On the age of the old sedimentary cover of the Russian Platform. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya geologiches-kaya, 5: 21-31.
Sour-Tovar, F., J.W. Hagadorn y T. HuitronRubio. 2007. Ediacaran and Cambrian index fossils from Sonora, Mexico. Palaeontology, 50(1): 169-175.
Steiner, M. y J. Reitner. 2001. Evidence of organic structures in Ediacara-type fossils and associated microbial mats. Geology, 29(12): 1119-1122.
Stewart, J.H., M.A.S. McMenamin y J.M. Morales-RamÃrez. 1984. Upper Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks in the Caborca region, Sonora, Mexico. USGS Professional Paper, 620:1-36.
Van Iten, H., J.M. Leme, S.C. Rodrigues y M.G. Simoes. 2005. Reinterpretation of a conulariidâ€like fossil from the Vendian of Russia. Palaeontology, 48(3): 619-622.
Wade, M. 1968. Preservation of soft-bodied animals in Precambrian sandstones at Ediacara, South Australia Lethaia, 1: 238-267.
Waggoner, B. 2003. The Ediacaran biota in space and time. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 32: 104–113.
Warren, L.V., M.L.A.F. Pacheco, T.R. Fairchild, M.G. Simoes, C. Riccomini, P.C. Boggiani y A.A. Caceres. 2012. The dawn of animal skeletogenesis: Ultrastructural analysis of the Ediacaran metazoan Corumbella werneri, Geology 40(8): 691-694.
Wilby, P.R., J.N. Carney y M.P. Howe. 2011. A rich Ediacaran assemblage from eastern Avalonia: Evidence of early widespread diversity in the deep ocean. Geology, 39(7): 655-658.
Xiao, S. y A.H. Knoll. 2000. Phosphatized animal embryos from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo formation at Weng'an, Guizhou, South China. Journal of Paleontology 74(5): 767-788.
Xiao, S., B. Shen, C. Zhou, G. Xie y X. Yuan. 2005. A uniquely preserved Ediacaran fossil with direct evidence for a quilted bodyplan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(29): 10227-10232.
Yin, L., M. Zhu, A.H. Knoll, X. Yuan, J. Zhang y J. Hu. 2007. Doushantuo embryos preserved inside diapause egg cysts. Nature, 446(7136): 661-663.
Zhang, X.G. y B.R. Pratt. 2014. Possible Algal Origin and Life Cycle of Ediacaran Doushantuo Microfossils with Dextral Spiral Structure. Journal of Paleontology, 88(1): 92-98.
Zhuravlev, A.Y. 1993. Were Ediacaran Vendobionta multicellulars? Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen, 190(2): 299-314.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2016 Roberto Díaz Sibaja